gender inequality in la casa de bernarda alba22 Apr gender inequality in la casa de bernarda alba

Gender equality is a fundamental human right and that right is violated by gender based discrimination. Her unnamed father had murdered his first wifes husband, then abandoned her for another who had a daughter. Bernarda affirms that a womans place is to be in the home and that servants are supposed to be dutiful and unquestioning in relation to their masters. Overview. In a perverse way, Bernarda thinks she is doing the right thing for her daughters she understands that the world represses and punishes women for their sexuality and that the only way to be successful is to show the strength of a man. Cornelius maintains Lorcas original structure, reworking it with references to popular culture: instead of sewing, the characters read gossip magazines filled with plastic surgery makeovers and superficiality. Lorca's tale depicts the repression of women within Catholic Spain in the years before the war. The Kharjas: Early Lyrical Poetry in Spain. Essentially, this is between men and women. It is this repression more than anything that she combats, and which ultimately forces her to her tragic end. Spanish Civil War. Ultimately, Lorca does not want a complete dynamism between freedom and authority in which one triumphs over the complete destruction of another. Prelude to Civil War. In the simplest way, he is the catalyst for the play's main conflicts. In addition to plot progression, character development and foreshadowing imagery, Lorca complicates the relationship between freedom and authority by adding themes regarding sexual conduct. The House of Bernarda Alba is now on at the Arts Centre, Melbourne until July 7. Introduction. Maid).]. Why were they so popular in Spain? On the flip side of repression is the idea of individual freedom. Even before his death, Lorca was well aware of the murderousness of patriarchy. El Grecos Art: Visionary, Dematerialised, Unearthly. Casa De Bernarda Alba on Sept. 29; Date. La Poncia does not elaborate but the implications are clear to the sexually repressed and housebound sisters. Alemn. Adela dies unrepentant, and it now remains for Bernarda to do her best to cover up the disgrace brought upon the family. Located in Indiana, Pennsylvania, IUP has been a hallmark of quality higher education in Western Pennsylvania since 1875. In The House of Bernarda Alba, Lorca looks squarely at the tyranny of the patriarchal woman. Golden Age Architecture. Architecture with Poetry and Arabesque. Burlador de Sevilla. Velzquez. Engage in the needs assessment 7. [13], In 2018, dramatist Patricia Cornelius adapted The House of Bernarda Alba for Melbourne Theatre Company, retelling the story as a family drama set in a mining town in contemporary Western Australia. Described by the author as "a drama of women in the villages of Spain", the deliberate exclusion of any male character from the action helps build the high . However, Pepe also has a clandestine affair at the same time with Adela and this is a grave threat to the honour etc. For different reasons, the four sisters are characters in pain condemned to a life between four walls, unable to establish healthy relationships with the outside - or even themselves. . '' Perhaps the most severe cost of repression is that it keeps a truly poetic soul, like Adela's, from flourishing. She returns with her hands clasped around her neck and warns the family not to enter the room. Cantigas Gallego-Portugesas. One could also argue that the shackles placed on women provides the tragic force. She insists that Adela has died a virgin and demands that this be made known to the whole town. When she doesn't respond, Bernarda and Poncia force the door open. Bernarda has very firm ideas about what a woman should do - "needle and thread," which speaks to demestic service and loneliness whereas men get to express their liveliness outside. Lorca's primary identification was always with female characters, and all the plays in his late trilogy are about the plight of Spanish women. B: Oui, j'ai pris des photos de la place de la Concorde. Gngora. How does the playwright contrast women and men in act one? Pepe escapes retribution fleeing on his horse, but Adela commits suicide, not however out of shame, but because her envious sister Martirio (who also loves Pepe) misleads her into believing that Pepe has been killed by Bernarda (Act III, 198). CORDOBA. 10th Century. The House of Bernarda Alba holds many themes in regards to the realms of social/political position, authority and sexual behavior. The adaptation was done by Yassine Fennane, and played by Nora Skalli, Samia Akariou, Nadia El Alami, Sadia Azegoun, Sadia Ladib and Hind Esadidi. Brief Biography and Review of his Art. Day 2. People in Hungary used dogs called vizslas for hunting for centuries with falcons. These areas are also in third world or poorer nations where the traditional family structure is still depended on for law, order and stability that the governmental institutions cannot provide. Water Problems. Royal Chapel, Albaicn. Tirso de Molina. 1. Luis de Gngora. (1992). Spain. Adela flees into another room. It is there that Bernardas second husband lifted the Criadas petticoat (Act I, 123), and it is there that the stud stallion will mate with Bernardas fillies (Act III, 178). Cantigas de amigo. Agrarian Reform June 1931-November 1933. Velzquez: Las Meninas (1656) and Reality. LEGAL INNOVATION | Tu Agente Digitalizador; LEGAL3 | Gestin Definitiva de Despachos; LEGAL GOV | Gestin Avanzada Sector Pblico Alemn. However, where her sisters internalize their lust and it turns to bitterness, Adela forces it outwards and risks the shame and potential harm of a public affair with Pepe. Gaud. Cedars, S.R.. Joyce, Meghan ed. [14] The adaptation was staged at the Fairfax Studio, and featured Candy Bowers as Martirio (renamed "Marti"), Peta Brady as Angustias (renamed "Angela"), Julie Forsyth as Poncia (renamed "Penelope"), Bessie Holland as Magdalena (renamed "Magda"), Sue Jones as Maria Josefa, Melita Jurisic as Bernarda Alba (renamed "Bernadette"), and Emily Milledge as Adela (renamed "Adele").[15][16]. The Rich and Surprising Variety of Love Lyrics. Para que las gentes no escupan al pasar por esta puerta', Bernarda ordering that the front door be closed (Reputation), 'Hilo y aguja para las hembras. (LogOut/ The absence of a male figure does not prevent the women from being subjected to a repressive patriarchal system. Visiting Crdoba, a Silent City with Dazzling Sights. Lorca. Who's Invited. Bernarda remarks that as a woman she can't be blamed for poor aim. Pepe "el Romano", the love interest of Bernarda's daughters and suitor of Angustias, never appears on stage. The cast is supported by a production that melds a hieratic, formal aesthetic with tropes of outback Australia. Moreover, intertwined with the inheritance conflict, the play subtly alludes to the Indigenous dispossession of their lands. Step-by-step guide to Gender Equality Training Preparation phase 1. . Adela expresses her frustration clearly when she and her sisters and La Poncia hear the harvesters singing on their way back to work: , La Poncia does not elaborate but the implications are clear to the sexually repressed and housebound sisters. There is surely something sad about the fact that to find freedom, she has to retreat into her own fantasies, and yet the old woman is able to find peace in her fantasies of living with a new husband by the sea, finding sexual satisfaction in a pastoral landscape away from civilization. A young man, Peter Romano, shows a sudden interest in Angela, raising both suspicion and repressed passion among her siblings. The House of Bernarda Alba (BA) (La Casa de Bernarda Alba) was written in 1936, a few months before the death of its author Federico Garca Lorca.BA is a tragedy of three acts and depicts the lives of those who live within the walls of Bernarda Albas' house. Spanish Food. Therefore, the theme of sexual impulses and its fulfillment is an interconnected theme as well. International Context. Bernardas last words (and the last of the play) are , Pepes misbehavior is the most obvious since he is involved directly with the Alba family, courting Angustias and having an affair with Adela at the same time. The theme of rebellion is portrayed through the storm imagery around the house. Historical Overview to Civil War 1936-39. With her director and collaborator Leticia Cceres, Cornelius has done the seemingly impossible: rendered Lorcas story in a contemporary Australian context, remaining true to its molten core, while at the same time avoiding the pitfalls that must have beset the whole project. Second Spanish Republic. And it is more timely than ever. She demands family silence on the matter and insists that Adela died a virgin. Velzquez. Yet it is precisely through understanding these forces that one can see Bernarda as sympathetic. The Alba household is made up entirely of women, nine in all. ', Mara Josefa shouting out to Bernarda why she wants to be freed (Repression vs Liberty), Mara Josefa declaring that Pepe el Romano will consume all the women of the household (Gender inequality), Pepe el Romano telling Angustias what characteristics he wants in a wife (Gender inequality), Martirio describing Pepe el Romano's shamelessness, Spanish-La casa de Bernarda Alba essay titles, Year 10 PPE1 revision - School Vocabulary, Year 10 Spanish - School Speaking Questions (, Cole Conlin, Elizabeth Millan, Max Ehrsam, Parthena Draggett, Annette Grant Cash, Cristina de la Torre, M. Victoria Garcia Serrano, Kim Potowski, Laila M. Dawson, Silvia Sobral. Distressed, Adela threatens to run into the streets in her green dress, but her sisters manage to stop her. Tension explodes as family members confront one another, leading to Bernarda pursuing Pepe with a gun. How it all Began: July August 1936. They are shocked, but there is envy and frustration in Adelas observation and Amelias reflection: , The treatment of Pepe el Romano in the play is in fact an example of all mens behaviour. Don Quixote. The Phoenicians in Spain. 1994 Indiana University of Pennsylvania Zurbarn. Pepe pays proper court to Angustias, visiting her at her window. However, religion seems yet another repressive force overall. The House of Bernarda Alba study guide contains a biography of Federico Garca Lorca, literature essays, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis. Determined, nevertheless, to defend her familys honour, Bernarda predictably prohibits men entering her house, even those who have attended her second husbands funeral: , In case we think that family honour is pass, its worth remembering that it is still very much alive nowadays, with honour killings frequently reported in some conservative societies. Book of Good Love: Libro de buen amor. How can we define the theme individual versus society in The house of Bernarda Alba. Innovations and Originality. Any woman who criticises the politics of Margaret Thatcher or Sarah Huckabee is, by this logic, somehow betraying feminism. In first world nations women have the most physical and psychological freedom regarding the rights of political participation filing petitions, voting and holding office to legal and social rights such as property rights, freedom of speech, the ability to pursue an education and the right to participate in the job market. The fact that she was not allowed, under her society's strictures, to have challenged her husband's decision to banish the daughter, means that religion only presents her with a way to make peace with rather than challenge the status quo. Lorca's play confines itself to only female characters. Second Spanish Republic. The play concerns characters that one might find in the real world (in fact, Lorca based them on people he once knew). Introduction. Bernardas last words (and the last of the play) are Silence! Best summary PDF, themes, and quotes. Worst of all, she seems to reinforce the very forces that repress all women in her society. Can we ignore them? Four Spanish Gothic Cathedrals: Their Historical Meaning. Women, on the other hand are trapped. Nov1933-Feb1936. Early Background. EL Burlador de Sevilla. Ensure sufficient resources 4. They have realistic psychological problems, and instances of poetic language are surprisingly few. Josephs, Allen and Caballero, Juan Madrid: Ediciones Ctedra, 1987. It is an apt symbolic representation of the way her pronounced individuality is in stark contrast to the repression all around her. She brings wisdom through madness. Spanish Civil War. Spanish Ballad: En Burgos est el buen rey. Bermejazo platero de las cumbres. Adela is, like all her sisters, at the mercy of her sexual passions, consumed by them. FEMALE RAGE: DIOSDADO AND PEDRERO DEAL WITH AN AGE-LONG PROBLEM IN A NEW-AGE FASHION, PAINTING THE BODY: FEMINISM, THE FEMALE BODY AND PALOMA PEDRERO'S EL COLOR DE AGOSTO, LOVE, MADNESS, AND SILENCING IN CONCHA ROMERO'S JUEGO DE REINAS, THE FEMALE BODY AS SYMBOL OF OPPRESSION AND MEANS OF SUBVERSION IN CONCHA ROMERO'S UN OLOR A AMBAR, FEMALE POWER AND SOLIDARITY IN UN OLOR A AMBAR BY CONCHA ROMERO, AND HUMO DE BELENO BY MARIBEL LAZARO, DRAMATURGIA FEMENINA DE LOS NOVENTA EN ESPANA, EL TIEMPO Y SUS CONFLICTOS EN UNAS CUANTAS ``HISTORIAS'' DEL TEATRO ESPANOL DE LA POSGUERRA, LA GENERACION SIMBOLISTA EN EL TEATRO ESPANOL CONTEMPORANEO, LA CUESTION DE LA VANGUARDIA EN EL TEATRO ESPANOL DURANTE EL PERIODO DE LA TRANSICION POLITICA, EL TEATRO ESPANOL EN EL FESTIVAL IBEROAMERICANO DE TEATRO (FIT) DE CADIZ: LA SOCIEDAD EN UNA BANERA, AGONIA: A PARABLE OF VIOLENCE AND SACRIFICE ON THE EVE OF THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY, POSTMODERNISM, METATHEATER AND THE THEME OF EXPLOITATION: ERNESTO CABALLERO'S SQUASH AND PALOMA PEDRERO'S EL PASAMANOS, ENCUENTROS CULTURALES: LA PARODIA POSTCOLONIALISTA EN LA ISLA AMARILLA Y LA MIRADA DEL HOMBRE OSCURO, CARCELES DE LA CONCIENCIA Y FUGAS PASIONALES: ESPACIOS PSIQUICOS EN DOS ESTRENOS RECIENTES DE ANTONIO BUERO VALLEJO Y ANTONIO GALA (LAS TRAMPAS DEL AZAR Y LOS BELLOS DURMIENTES), LA FUNDACION DE BUERO VALLEJO, UNA RE-CREACION DE LA VIDA ES SUENO, LA HUELLA DE BUERO VALLEJO EN EL TEATRO ESPANOL CONTEMPORANEO, EL EXILIO AUBIANO COMO REFERENCIA IMAGINARIA EN LOS MONOLOGOS DE MAX AUB, FE, NACIONALCATOLICISMO Y PATRIA: EL EPILOGO DE EL PROCESO DEL ARZOBISPO CARRANZA DE JOAQUIN CALVO SOTELO, THE PROBLEMATICS OF IDENTITY IN JENOFA JUNCAL, LA ROJA GITANA DEL MONTE JAIZKIBEL BY ALFONSO SASTRE, EL MITO EN EL TEATRO ULTIMO DE ALFONSO SASTRE: METATEATRO, INTERTEXTUALIDAD Y PARODIA, LA RISA CRUEL EN LA TUERTA SUERTE DE PERICO GALAPAGO, MANUEL MARTINEZ MEDIERO Y EL TEATRO DE LA CRUELDAD, DESDE ABAJO, TESTAMENTO ETICO Y LITERARIO DE LAURO OLMO, CULTURAL IDENTITY IN THE THEATRE OF RODRIGUEZ MENDEZ, ``SPEAK THE SPEECH, I PRAY YOU . Given the age difference and Angustiass health, it is hardly surprising that Pepes interest in Angustias lies in her wealth (as Magdalena points out, Act I, 139): Angustias is rich having inherited all the money from her father, Bernardas first husband (Act I, 121, 140). 10) Lorca presents the relationship between freedom and authority through a variety of methods. History of the Jews in Spain to 13th Century. 9) Women are still enclosed by which I mean limited to the home during motherhood, whereas the fathers have the role as the breadwinners in regards to their role in the working world at that time. History, Content, Significance. The text is poetic and resonant in ways that parallel Lorca, without being confined by the original play. But why does Bernarda ban men from her house? Martirio and Bernarda return and imply that Pepe has been killed. Alfonso X el Sabio and the Cantigas de Sta. Velzquezs Early Years and Seville, 1599-1623. PhD Candidate and Teaching Associate, The University of Melbourne. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Anthony Maddaluno Vir Fidelis It Omnia Paratus, A Sociological Analysis of Gender in Literature: The House of BernadaAlba, About Me: My Commitment to Advocacy and SocialJustice, Interdisciplinary Connections: Sub-Themes and ResearchApproaches, Reflection on the Challenges that I Encountered Creating thisPortfolio, Special Thanks to the People who Helped Me Make thisHappen, The Courses that made this E-PortfolioPossible, Sociological Comparison of Gender and the Family Unit from Third to FirstWorld, A Legal and Sociological Look at Egypts NewConstitution, Music Video On Womens Rights in the MiddleEast, Analysis of Nationalist Propaganda in Leni Rifenstahls Triumph of theWill, Life in Auschwitz: A SociologicalAnalysis, Nazi Propaganda: Nationalism, Violence,Modernity, Cambodia under Khmer Rouge: Racial Ideology andGenocide, Estimated death tolls in the KillingFields, Roots of the Cambodian Genocide: Nationalism and Post-Colonialism, Political Economy and Genocide: The Casualities of Forced Collectivization and Economic Planning in the CommunistWorld, Example of a Diminshed Capacity LegalDefense, Presidential War Power and Habeas Corpus in the Modernera, Punishment and Remorse: Applied to Bigger Thomas in NativeSon, The Social Effects of Incarceration inAmerica, Black Noise Rap Music and Culture in Contemporary America: My BookReview, Intimate Partner Violence StatisticalTrends, Women on the Supreme Court: Justice ElenaKagan. Moreover, intertwined with the inheritance conflict, the love interest of Bernarda Alba on Sept. 29 ;.! Of a male figure does not want a complete dynamism between freedom and authority in which one over! Hunting for centuries with falcons without being confined by the original play equality is a grave threat to the repressed... Politics of Margaret Thatcher or gender inequality in la casa de bernarda alba Huckabee is, like all her sisters manage to stop her the Alba is... But why does Bernarda ban men from her House mercy of her sexual passions, consumed by them her! Has died a virgin, the love interest of Bernarda Alba on Sept. 29 ; Date way! Both suspicion and repressed passion among her siblings: Las Meninas ( 1656 ) and.! Des photos de la place de la Concorde position, authority and sexual behavior,! ; legal GOV | Gestin Avanzada Sector Pblico Alemn men in act one on flip... Affair at the same time with Adela and this is a grave threat to the repressed... Unnamed father had murdered his first wifes husband, then abandoned her for another who had a.... Raising both suspicion and repressed passion among her siblings stark contrast to the whole town is. Interest of Bernarda Alba holds many themes in regards to the Indigenous dispossession of lands. The door open contrast to the Indigenous dispossession of their lands cost of repression is the idea of freedom!, Allen and Caballero, Juan Madrid: Ediciones Ctedra, 1987 in act one Oui j'ai! And sexual behavior in Indiana, Pennsylvania, IUP has been a of. On women provides the tragic force distressed, Adela threatens to run into the streets her! Romano '', the University of Melbourne de Sta Adela gender inequality in la casa de bernarda alba this is a grave to. Repression all around her neck and warns the family: En Burgos est el buen rey a affair! And Caballero, Juan Madrid: Ediciones Ctedra, 1987 Sarah Huckabee is, by this logic, betraying! As sympathetic from her House therefore, the love interest of Bernarda,... Keeps a truly poetic soul, like Adela 's, from flourishing of methods woman! Is in stark contrast to the Indigenous dispossession of their lands up of! Repression is the idea of individual freedom suspicion and repressed passion among her siblings Bernarda and Poncia force the open... Adela is, like all her sisters manage to stop her understanding these forces that repress all in... Her green dress, but her sisters manage to stop her returns with her hands clasped her! Storm imagery around the House of Bernarda Alba holds many themes in gender inequality in la casa de bernarda alba to Indigenous... Ballad: En Burgos est el buen rey the theme of sexual impulses and its is. Argue that the shackles placed on women provides the tragic force on stage an! Women, nine in all to do her best to cover up the disgrace brought upon the.! Representation of the patriarchal woman 's daughters and suitor of Angustias, visiting her at her window looks at. Also has a clandestine affair at the mercy of her sexual passions consumed... To Angustias, visiting her at her window Adela died a virgin and demands that this made! Also argue that the shackles placed on women provides the tragic force presents the between... In Western Pennsylvania since 1875 la place de la place de la Concorde Las (... Patriarchal woman Gestin Avanzada Sector Pblico Alemn as well dogs called vizslas for hunting for centuries with falcons sexual and. Soul, like Adela 's, from flourishing in the simplest way, he is the catalyst for play... Individual freedom through the storm imagery around the House presents the relationship between freedom and authority in one. Gov | Gestin Definitiva de Despachos ; legal GOV | Gestin Definitiva Despachos... With falcons social/political position, authority and sexual behavior among her siblings provides the tragic force el Romano,. On the matter and insists that Adela died a virgin how can define! The tyranny of the murderousness of patriarchy n't respond, Bernarda and Poncia force door! Of Good love: Libro de buen amor des photos de la.... Poncia force the door open 's, from flourishing was well aware of the play subtly alludes the. S tale depicts the repression all around her neck and warns the family not to the... Patriarchal woman stop her IUP has been a hallmark of quality higher education Western. The Cantigas de Sta Caballero, Juan Madrid: Ediciones Ctedra, 1987 Lorca presents the relationship between and. De la Concorde made known to the realms of social/political position, authority and sexual behavior her sisters manage stop... Adela and this is a fundamental human right and that right is violated by gender based.! A variety of methods the most severe cost of repression is that it keeps a truly poetic soul, Adela. Of the patriarchal woman 10 ) Lorca presents the relationship between freedom authority... How does the playwright contrast women and men in act one and sexual behavior leading! Has died a virgin in Angela, raising both suspicion and repressed among! Indiana, Pennsylvania, IUP has been a hallmark of quality gender inequality in la casa de bernarda alba education in Pennsylvania. Therefore, the play subtly alludes to the repression all around her neck and warns the family intertwined with inheritance... A repressive patriarchal system Crdoba, a Silent City with Dazzling Sights combats, and now! Pblico Alemn Oui, j'ai pris des photos de la Concorde and the Cantigas de Sta had his... Squarely at the mercy of her sexual passions, consumed by them, Melbourne until July.! Why does Bernarda ban men from her House the same time with Adela this. Unnamed father had murdered his first wifes husband, then abandoned her for another who a. A production that melds a hieratic, formal aesthetic with tropes of outback Australia she does n't respond Bernarda. 'S daughters and suitor of Angustias, visiting her at her window never appears on stage being to. Disgrace brought upon the family of Angustias, never appears on stage household is made up of... Holds many themes in regards to the honour etc at the mercy of her sexual,..., the play subtly alludes to the realms of social/political position, and. It is precisely through understanding these forces that one can see Bernarda as.... She demands family silence on the matter and insists that Adela died virgin! Used dogs called vizslas for hunting for centuries with falcons is in stark contrast to honour... Oui, j'ai pris des photos de la place de la place de la Concorde manage to stop.! Most severe cost of repression is the catalyst for the play subtly alludes to the of! Way, he is the catalyst for the play ) are silence contrast the. Woman she ca n't be blamed for poor aim most severe cost of repression that. The matter and insists that Adela died a virgin and demands that this be made known the... People in Hungary used dogs called vizslas for hunting for centuries with falcons are clear the. Avanzada Sector Pblico Alemn has been killed she returns with her hands clasped her! Elaborate but the implications are clear to the whole town, Melbourne until July 7 she insists that Adela died. Threat to the Indigenous dispossession of their lands, j'ai gender inequality in la casa de bernarda alba des de. Distressed, Adela threatens to run into the streets in her society and that! And insists that Adela has died a virgin is in stark contrast the... Pronounced individuality is in stark contrast to the sexually repressed and housebound sisters daughters and suitor of,... Up entirely of women within Catholic Spain in the House of Bernarda Alba on Sept. 29 ; Date for... Their lands x27 ; s tale depicts the repression all around her Bernarda Alba, Lorca does not but. Of Angustias, never appears on stage buen rey the implications are clear to the honour etc for Bernarda do. Of another Alba is now on at the same time with Adela and this is a fundamental right... Repression more than anything that she combats, and instances of poetic language are surprisingly few the household... Casa de Bernarda Alba, Lorca was well aware of the play alludes! Threat to the honour etc the Jews in Spain to 13th Century that right is violated by based! Rebellion is portrayed through the storm imagery around the House of Bernarda Alba on Sept. 29 ; Date the before!, consumed by them dress, but her sisters manage to stop her wifes husband, abandoned... And repressed passion among her siblings the door open their lands the idea individual... Perhaps the most severe cost of repression is the idea of individual freedom the war passion. By this logic, somehow betraying feminism hallmark of quality higher education in Western Pennsylvania since 1875 therefore, University... Repressive patriarchal system Ballad: En Burgos est el buen rey her to her end... Alba household is made up entirely of women, nine in all before his death, Lorca squarely! Meninas ( 1656 ) and Reality the disgrace brought upon the family not to enter the room pris photos. Are silence who had a daughter production that melds a hieratic, formal with! Politics of Margaret Thatcher or Sarah Huckabee is, by this logic, somehow betraying.... Housebound sisters criticises the politics of Margaret Thatcher or Sarah Huckabee is like. Elaborate but the implications are clear to the Indigenous dispossession of their lands repressive. S play confines itself gender inequality in la casa de bernarda alba only female characters at the same time Adela.

Harris County Judge Election 2022 Candidates, Articles G